The present study is undertaken to investigate the effect of fetal growth restriction (FGR) on retinal neovasculature in a murine premature neonatal oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. According to the results of histological analysis, a significant decrease of neovasculature, as indicated by the decreases in the number of branch junctions, the vesicular distribution, maximal vesicular radius and microaneurysm-like tufts, were observed in OIR mice with FGR while comparing to OIR neonates with normal birth weight. The results of retinal RNA-sequencing revealed a down-regulation of angiogenic factors that trigger pathologic retina neovascularization, such as MAPK pathway and relative upstream signaling pathways in OIR mice with FGR. These results suggest that FGR neonates may be equipped with a higher capacity for retinal oxygen stress, and the risk of OIR development is lower compared to mature neonates.