Psychiatric disorders are diagnosed based on the clinical interviews by psychiatrists and there has been no useful biological markers in the present clinical settings. Human brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies for schizophrenia have indicated structural alterations in the cortical and subcortical area. In addition, these structural alterations change progressively according to the onset of first episode psychotic symptoms. However, recent cohort studies focused on adolescent development have shown the decrease in most structural features, and the patterns of the alteration are non-linear and diverse across the features. These results suggest that we need to know whether the structural alterations found in clinical investigations would rely on the emergence of pathological characteristics in psychiatric disorders or the course of typical adolescent brain development. Here, we want to talk about the human brain MRI findings for schizophrenia from the clinical multi-site studies and for general adolescents from Tokyo TEEN Cohort (TTC) study project, and discuss about the brain change in schizophrenia along with adolescent development.