Gut microbiota have been shown to be associated with the development of various diseases, and also to be used as disease markers or therapeutic targets. In Japan, fecal transplantation was clinically applied for inflammatory bowel diseases, but strict management including safety should be required, and the details mechanism of action have not been elucidated. In Nature medicine in 2018, oral administration of Akkermanisia muciniphila for obesity and glucose intolerance showed weight loss and improvement of glucose metabolism. A company has been established and oral tablets are being sold. 
We have shown in clinical studies that there is a decrease in Bacteroidetes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to patients with lifestyle-related diseases. Among them, two bacterial species, Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides dorei, were found to be significantly reduced in CAD patients. Oral administration of these two Bacteroides species to arteriosclerosis model mice reduced the activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a gram-negative bacilli toxin in blood and feces, and exhibited anti-inflammatory effects and suppressed arteriosclerosis. We are exploring the possibility of treatment using these two Bacteroides species. I would like to introduce research related to gut microbiota that focuses on cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, talk about the possibilities and prospects for future therapeutic targets, and discuss with everyone who attends.