Microbiome therapeutics were officially approved by regulatory authorities in Australia and the U.S. in 2022 as a new drug modality. starting with a milestone paper published in 2014 on the surprising therapeutic efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation therapy for refractory C. difficile infection.Many biotech ventures, mainly in Europe and the U.S., have created pipelines since then. On the other hand, in Japan, although microbiome research has been conducted at a high level mainly in academia for some time and many prebiotics and other products have been produced, Japan is undeniably lagging behind the rest of the world in terms of research and development of microbiome based drug discovery as a pharmaceutical field. In Japan, the Japan Microbiome Consortium (JMBC) was established in 2017 to promote the industrial application of human microbiome research. The JMBC has been participating in national projects to achieve some of these goals. In addition, JMBC is participating in AMED's "The Next generation Drug Discovery and Development Technology on Regulating Intestinal Microbiome " and is challenging to establish an ecosystem for microbiome based drug discovery in Japan. This presentation will focus on the activities of JMBC and share international trends in microbiome based drug discovery activities.