Circadian clock systems play important roles in energy, protein, and mineral metabolisms. The increase in adiposity is related to significant changes in the human environment and lifestyle, including high-energy dietary choices. This lifestyle is also related to locomotive syndrome, such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and joint problems. Thus, reducing fat and/or sucrose and increasing protein, minerals and dietary fibers in the diet and increasing physical exercise represent the primary methods for prevention of and/or recovery from lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity and locomotive syndrome especially in middle and old age persons. However, chrono-nutrition aspect such as the best timing of nutrients/functional food intake is still unknown. We monitored 24-hr interstitial glucose levels (GL) by freestyle libre Pro. Artichoke powder at breakfast in human experiments lowered the 24-hr GL, and lunch- and dinner-induced GL, as a “second meal effect”. Protein rich food at breakfast increase the skeletal muscle volume in mice, and 10g milk protein intake at breakfast but not at dinner causes muscle volume and sarcopenia index marker increases in human intervention experiments. The present results strongly suggest that the timing of feeding and functional food is critical for protection of lifestyle related diseases.