New drug candidate modalities for CNS diseases with high unmet medical needs has expanded from small molecule drugs to medium and high molecular weight drugs, and expectations for therapeutic drug development are increasing. However, these drug modalities delivery into the brain via systemic blood circulation is limited by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and the development of a drug delivery system (DDS) that overcomes the BBB is key to the development of new drugs for CNS diseases. 
　In recent years, the administration routes have divaricated along with the diversification of modalities. Among above, intranasal administration has been noted as a method of non-invasive delivery of a drug modality to the brain by bypassing the BBB via the nose-to-brain direct route. This route has the potential to be novel administration route into the CNS for all drug modalities that are not expected to penetrate the BBB. However, intranasal administration of a modality alone is often insufficient in terms of its delivery efficiency and delivery deeper site into the brain, in addition, there are very few reports on drug delivery into the spinal cord. 
　In this lecture, I will review the current status of the nose-to-brain route and our research of nanocarrier-based nose-to-brain/spinal cord DDS.